顶级窗口管理
Compose Multiplatform 桌面版提供了多种窗口管理功能。您可以将窗口隐藏到系统托盘、使其可拖动、调整尺寸、改变位置等。
打开与关闭窗口
使用 Window() 函数可创建常规窗口。若要在可组合作用域中使用，请在 application 入口点调用：
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
fun main() = application {
Window(onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication) {
// 窗口内容
}
}
作为可组合函数， Window() 允许以声明方式修改属性。例如先打开标题为"Untitled"的窗口，再动态更新标题：
import androidx.compose.material.Button
import androidx.compose.material.Text
import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
fun main() = application {
var fileName by remember { mutableStateOf("Untitled") }
Window(onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication, title = "$fileName - Editor") {
Button(onClick = { fileName = "note.txt" }) {
Text("保存")
}
}
}
条件控制
通过简单的 if 条件即可控制窗口开关。以下示例在任务完成后自动关闭窗口：
import androidx.compose.material.Text
import androidx.compose.runtime.LaunchedEffect
import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
fun main() = application {
var isPerformingTask by remember { mutableStateOf(true) }
LaunchedEffect(Unit) {
// 执行耗时操作
delay(2000)
isPerformingTask = false
}
if (isPerformingTask) {
Window(
onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication,
title = "窗口1"
)
{
Text("正在执行任务，请稍候！")
}
} else {
Window(
onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication,
title = "窗口2"
) {
Text("你好，世界！")
}
}
}
如需自定义关闭逻辑（如显示确认对话框），可通过 onCloseRequest 回调覆盖默认行为。以下示例采用声明式方式（isOpen = false ）而非命令式（window.close() ）关闭窗口：
import androidx.compose.material.Button
import androidx.compose.material.Text
import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
import androidx.compose.ui.window.DialogWindow
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
fun main() = application {
var isOpen by remember { mutableStateOf(true) }
var isAskingToClose by remember { mutableStateOf(false) }
if (isOpen) {
Window(
onCloseRequest = { isAskingToClose = true },
title = "重要文档"
) {
if (isAskingToClose) {
DialogWindow(
onCloseRequest = { isAskingToClose = false },
title = "放弃未保存内容？"
) {
Button(
onClick = { isOpen = false }
) {
Text("确认")
}
}
}
}
}
}
多窗口管理
对于多窗口应用，可创建独立的状态类并通过 mutableStateListOf 控制窗口：
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.runtime.key
import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateListOf
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.ui.window.MenuBar
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
fun main() = application {
val applicationState = remember { MyApplicationState() }
for (window in applicationState.windows) {
key(window) {
MyWindow(window)
}
}
}
@Composable
private fun MyWindow(
state: MyWindowState
) = Window(onCloseRequest = state::close, title = state.title) {
MenuBar {
Menu("文件") {
Item("新建窗口", onClick = state.openNewWindow)
Item("退出", onClick = state.exit)
}
}
}
private class MyApplicationState {
val windows = mutableStateListOf<MyWindowState>()
init {
windows += MyWindowState("初始窗口")
}
fun openNewWindow() {
windows += MyWindowState("窗口 ${windows.size}")
}
fun exit() {
windows.clear()
}
private fun MyWindowState(
title: String
) = MyWindowState(
title,
openNewWindow = ::openNewWindow,
exit = ::exit,
windows::remove
)
}
private class MyWindowState(
val title: String,
val openNewWindow: () -> Unit,
val exit: () -> Unit,
private val close: (MyWindowState) -> Unit
) {
fun close() = close(this)
}
更复杂示例可参考 记事本示例。
最小化到系统托盘
通过修改 windowState.isVisible 状态可实现窗口隐藏而非关闭：
import androidx.compose.material.Text
import androidx.compose.runtime.LaunchedEffect
import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
import androidx.compose.ui.geometry.Size
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.drawscope.DrawScope
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.painter.Painter
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Tray
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
import kotlinx.coroutines.delay
fun main() = application {
var isVisible by remember { mutableStateOf(true) }
Window(
onCloseRequest = { isVisible = false },
visible = isVisible,
title = "计数器",
) {
var counter by remember { mutableStateOf(0) }
LaunchedEffect(Unit) {
while (true) {
counter++
delay(1000)
}
}
Text(counter.toString())
}
if (!isVisible) {
Tray(
TrayIcon,
tooltip = "计数器",
onAction = { isVisible = true },
menu = {
Item("退出", onClick = ::exitApplication)
},
)
}
}
object TrayIcon : Painter() {
override val intrinsicSize = Size(256f, 256f)
override fun DrawScope.onDraw() {
drawOval(Color(0xFFFFA500))
}
}
singleWindowApplication() 函数
通过 singleWindowApplication() 可快速创建单窗口应用，但有以下限制：
仅支持单窗口
无法自定义关闭逻辑
运行时不可修改窗口属性
import androidx.compose.ui.window.singleWindowApplication
fun main() = singleWindowApplication {
// 窗口内容
}
替代方案是在 application 入口点使用 Window() 可组合函数。
自适应窗口尺寸
当内容尺寸未知时，可将 WindowSize 的一个或两个维度设为 Dp.Unspecified ，系统会自动调整窗口尺寸以适应内容：
import androidx.compose.foundation.background
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Column
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Row
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.padding
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.size
import androidx.compose.material.Text
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.Dp
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
import androidx.compose.ui.window.rememberWindowState
fun main() = application {
Window(
onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication,
state = rememberWindowState(width = Dp.Unspecified, height = Dp.Unspecified),
title = "自适应尺寸",
resizable = false
) {
Column(Modifier.background(Color(0xFFEEEEEE))) {
Row {
Text("标签1", Modifier.size(100.dp, 100.dp).padding(10.dp).background(Color.White))
Text("标签2", Modifier.size(150.dp, 200.dp).padding(5.dp).background(Color.White))
Text("标签3", Modifier.size(200.dp, 300.dp).padding(25.dp).background(Color.White))
}
}
}
}
窗口状态管理
WindowState 类管理窗口的布局方式（浮动/最大化/最小化/全屏）、位置和尺寸。状态变更会自动触发重组：
import androidx.compose.foundation.clickable
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Column
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Row
import androidx.compose.material.Checkbox
import androidx.compose.material.Text
import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.WindowPlacement
import androidx.compose.ui.window.WindowPosition
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
import androidx.compose.ui.window.rememberWindowState
fun main() = application {
val state = rememberWindowState(placement = WindowPlacement.Maximized)
Window(onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication, state, title = "窗口状态") {
Column {
Row(verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically) {
Checkbox(
state.placement == WindowPlacement.Fullscreen,
{
state.placement = if (it) {
WindowPlacement.Fullscreen
} else {
WindowPlacement.Floating
}
}
)
Text("全屏模式")
}
Row(verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically) {
Checkbox(
state.placement == WindowPlacement.Maximized,
{
state.placement = if (it) {
WindowPlacement.Maximized
} else {
WindowPlacement.Floating
}
}
)
Text("最大化")
}
Row(verticalAlignment = Alignment.CenterVertically) {
Checkbox(state.isMinimized, { state.isMinimized = !state.isMinimized })
Text("最小化")
}
Text(
"位置 ${state.position}",
Modifier.clickable {
val position = state.position
if (position is WindowPosition.Absolute) {
state.position = position.copy(x = state.position.x + 10.dp)
}
}
)
Text(
"尺寸 ${state.size}",
Modifier.clickable {
state.size = state.size.copy(width = state.size.width + 10.dp)
}
)
}
}
}
监听窗口状态
通过 snapshotFlow() 可将状态变化传递到非组合式代码层（如数据库写入）：
import androidx.compose.runtime.LaunchedEffect
import androidx.compose.runtime.snapshotFlow
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.DpSize
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.WindowPosition
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
import androidx.compose.ui.window.rememberWindowState
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.filter
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.launchIn
import kotlinx.coroutines.flow.onEach
fun main() = application {
val state = rememberWindowState()
Window(onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication, state) {
LaunchedEffect(state) {
snapshotFlow { state.size }
.onEach(::onWindowResize)
.launchIn(this)
snapshotFlow { state.position }
.filter { it.isSpecified }
.onEach(::onWindowRelocate)
.launchIn(this)
}
}
}
private fun onWindowResize(size: DpSize) {
println("窗口尺寸变更 $size")
}
private fun onWindowRelocate(position: WindowPosition) {
println("窗口位置变更 $position")
}
对话框
使用 Window() 创建常规窗口， DialogWindow() 创建模态窗口（锁定父窗口直至关闭）：
import androidx.compose.material.Button
import androidx.compose.material.Text
import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
import androidx.compose.ui.Alignment
import androidx.compose.ui.window.DialogWindow
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.WindowPosition
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
import androidx.compose.ui.window.rememberDialogState
fun main() = application {
Window(
onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication,
) {
var isDialogOpen by remember { mutableStateOf(false) }
Button(onClick = { isDialogOpen = true }) {
Text(text = "打开对话框")
}
if (isDialogOpen) {
DialogWindow(
onCloseRequest = { isDialogOpen = false },
state = rememberDialogState(position = WindowPosition(Alignment.Center))
) {
// 对话框内容
}
}
}
}
可拖动窗口区域
通过 WindowDraggableArea() 可为无边框窗口添加自定义标题栏或实现全窗口拖动：
import androidx.compose.foundation.background
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Box
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxWidth
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.height
import androidx.compose.foundation.window.WindowDraggableArea
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
fun main() = application {
Window(onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication, undecorated = true) {
WindowDraggableArea {
Box(Modifier.fillMaxWidth().height(48.dp).background(Color.DarkGray))
}
}
}
该组件仅适用于 singleWindowApplication()、 Window() 和 DialogWindow() 。在其他可组合函数中使用需添加 WindowScope 接收器：
import androidx.compose.foundation.background
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.Box
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxWidth
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.height
import androidx.compose.foundation.window.WindowDraggableArea
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.WindowScope
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
fun main() = application {
Window(onCloseRequest = ::exitApplication, undecorated = true) {
AppWindowTitleBar()
}
}
@Composable
private fun WindowScope.AppWindowTitleBar() = WindowDraggableArea {
Box(Modifier.fillMaxWidth().height(48.dp).background(Color.DarkGray))
}
透明窗口与其他定制
创建透明窗口需设置 transparent=true 和 undecorated=true （透明窗口无法带边框）。以下示例实现圆角透明窗口：
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.fillMaxSize
import androidx.compose.foundation.layout.padding
import androidx.compose.foundation.shape.RoundedCornerShape
import androidx.compose.material.Surface
import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.ui.Modifier
import androidx.compose.ui.draw.shadow
import androidx.compose.ui.graphics.Color
import androidx.compose.ui.unit.dp
import androidx.compose.ui.window.Window
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
import androidx.compose.material.Text
import androidx.compose.runtime.*
fun main() = application {
var isOpen by remember { mutableStateOf(true) }
if (isOpen) {
Window(
onCloseRequest = { isOpen = false },
title = "透明窗口示例",
transparent = true,
// 透明窗口必须无边框
undecorated = true,
) {
Surface(
modifier = Modifier.fillMaxSize().padding(5.dp).shadow(3.dp, RoundedCornerShape(20.dp)),
color = Color.Transparent,
// 圆角窗口
shape = RoundedCornerShape(20.dp)
) {
Text("你好世界！", color = Color.White)
}
}
}
}
Swing 互操作性
由于 Compose Multiplatform 桌面版基于 Swing，可直接使用 Swing 创建窗口：
import androidx.compose.ui.awt.ComposeWindow
import java.awt.Dimension
import javax.swing.JFrame
import javax.swing.SwingUtilities
fun main() = SwingUtilities.invokeLater {
ComposeWindow().apply {
size = Dimension(300, 300)
defaultCloseOperation = JFrame.DISPOSE_ON_CLOSE
setContent {
// 窗口内容
}
isVisible = true
}
}
也可在 Window() 作用域内访问底层 ComposeWindow：
import androidx.compose.runtime.LaunchedEffect
import androidx.compose.ui.window.singleWindowApplication
import java.awt.datatransfer.DataFlavor
import java.awt.dnd.DnDConstants
import java.awt.dnd.DropTarget
import java.awt.dnd.DropTargetAdapter
import java.awt.dnd.DropTargetDropEvent
fun main() = singleWindowApplication {
LaunchedEffect(Unit) {
window.dropTarget = DropTarget().apply {
addDropTargetListener(object : DropTargetAdapter() {
override fun drop(event: DropTargetDropEvent) {
event.acceptDrop(DnDConstants.ACTION_COPY)
val fileName = event.transferable.getTransferData(DataFlavor.javaFileListFlavor)
println(fileName)
}
})
}
}
}
如需使用 Swing 实现的对话框，可封装为可组合函数：
import androidx.compose.runtime.Composable
import androidx.compose.runtime.getValue
import androidx.compose.runtime.mutableStateOf
import androidx.compose.runtime.remember
import androidx.compose.runtime.setValue
import androidx.compose.ui.window.AwtWindow
import androidx.compose.ui.window.application
import java.awt.FileDialog
import java.awt.Frame
fun main() = application {
var isOpen by remember { mutableStateOf(true) }
if (isOpen) {
FileDialog(
onCloseRequest = {
isOpen = false
println("结果 $it")
}
)
}
}
@Composable
private fun FileDialog(
parent: Frame? = null,
onCloseRequest: (result: String?) -> Unit
) = AwtWindow(
create = {
object : FileDialog(parent, "选择文件", LOAD) {
override fun setVisible(value: Boolean) {
super.setVisible(value)
if (value) {
onCloseRequest(file)
}
}
}
},
dispose = FileDialog::dispose
)
后续步骤
探索更多 桌面组件教程。
22 四月 2025